Objectives: Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response. Beta-hydroxybutyrate is a product of ketogenesis that develops after the formation of coenzyme A from fatty acids.We aimed to evaluate the association between survival and beta-hydroxybutyrate in sepsis patients. Methods: This is a single-center, prospective, cross-sectional study. Between May 2018 and May 2019, 51 patients diagnosed with sepsis or septic shock in Gulhane Education and Research Hospital were included in the study. Patients, grouped as non-survivors (Group I) and survivors (Group II) were included in the study and followed for 28 days after their initial blood samples obtained. Plasma beta-hydroxybutyrate level analyses were measured by using Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS-MS). Results: Within 28 days, 22 patients died (Group I); 29 patients survived (Group II). The SOFA scores were 12.45±4.22 in Group I and 9.97±3.30 (p=0.022) in Group II, and the APACHE-2 scores were 38.05±6.23 in Group I and 34.10±7.22(p=0.046) in Group II. Beta-hydroxybutyrate levels were 20.4 µM (IQR=9.2-29.98 µM) in Group I and 54.9 µM (IQR=13.55–120.83 µM) in Group II (p<0.05). Conclusion: Our study is the first showing the clinical significance of beta-hydroxybutyrate in sepsis patients. Our findings on beta-hydroxybutyrate may illuminate a reasonable positive effect. Keywords: APACHE-2 score, beta-hydroxybutyrate, sepsis, SOFA score
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